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| 文档类型 | 图书 |
|---|---|
| 所有的著者/提供者： |
Melvin Konner |
| ISBN: | 9780674045668 0674045661 9780674062016 0674062019 |
| OCLC号码： | 477272507 |
| 描述： | xv, 943 pages ; 25 cm |
| 内容： | Prologue -- The structure of this book -- Six paradigms -- 1. Introduction -- Some premises -- Some history -- Evolution and modification of behavior -- Evolution of ontogeny in the human animal -- Levels of causation in the explanation of behavior -- pt. I. Evolution : the phylogenetic origins of childhood : wherein we learn how the laws of evolution produced the shape of human social and emotional development -- 2. Paradigms in the evolution of development -- Neo-Darwinian theory--the adaptationist paradigm -- Life history theory -- Evolutionary allometries -- Heterochrony in the phylogeny of development -- The evolution of developmental genes (evo-devo) -- Phyletic reorganization in brain evolution -- Developmental ethology -- Evolutionary developmental psychology -- Interlude 1 : thinking about birdsong -- 3. Brains evolving -- Expansion and organization in brain evolution -- Vertebrate body plans and behavioral advances -- The emergence of mammalian brain and behavior -- Developmental keys to psychosocial evolution -- 4. Ape foundations, human revolution -- Ape evolution and behavior -- Hominin evolution and behavior -- Hominin brain evolution -- Evolving human life histories -- Hominin behavior, social organization, and culture -- 5. The evolution of human brain growth -- Neonatal status and early brain growth -- Humanizing anthropoid brain growth -- Hominin ontogeny -- Heterochrony in hominin evolution -- Transition 1 : neurological models of psychosocial function -- The limbic system model -- The orbitofrontal cortex and the somatic marker hypothesis -- The polyvagal model -- The mirror-neuron system -- Lateralized higher functions -- Imperfect models. pt. II. Maturation : anatomical bases of psychosocial growth : wherein we see how neural and endocrine systems guide the paths of development called for by natural selection -- 6. Paradigms in the study of psychosocial growth -- The neurogenetics of animal models and human disease -- Neuroembryology -- Developmental neuroendocrinology -- Postnatal brain development -- Developmental behavior genetics -- Neurological individuality -- Interlude 2 : thinking about bipedal walking -- 7. The growth of sociality -- The "fourth trimester" and the presocial baseline -- The rise and fall of early crying -- Smiling and mutual gaze -- 8. The growth of attachment and the social fears -- Universals of human attachment and social fear -- Animal studies -- Biological mechanisms -- 9. The growth of language -- A language acquisition device -- Cross-cultural and other evidence -- Biological foundations -- Early anatomical preparedness -- The role of learning -- 10. The growth of sex and gender differences -- Gender identity -- Sex differences in aggression -- Cross-cultural studies -- Neuroendocrine foundations -- 11. The transition to middle childhood -- An evolutionary approach -- Cognition in middle childhood -- A biological model -- 12. Reproductive behavior and the onset of parenting -- Biological changes in puberty and adolescence -- Is individual age at puberty a facultative adaptation? -- Control of the onset of puberty -- Growth and change in the adolescent brain -- The psychological impact of body changes -- Adolescent hormones in sexuality and aggression -- Cross-cultural regularities -- A role for romantic love? -- Ideals and abstractions -- The onset of parenting--maternal care -- Paternal care and the pair bond -- Interlude 3 : thinking about growing up gay -- Transition 2 : plasticity evolving -- Selection for plasticity and resilience. pt. III. Socialization : the evolving social context of ontogeny : wherein we discern the contributions of social life to developing relationships and emotions -- 13. Paradigms in the study of socialization -- Laws of learning -- Early experience effects and the sensitive period question -- Ethology, field primatology, and sociobiology -- Ethnology and quantitative cross-cultural comparison -- Historiography and historical demography -- 14. Early social experience -- Early handling, stress, and stimulation -- Postweaning isolation and crowding -- Social deprivation in monkeys -- The neurobiology of social perturbation in monkeys -- Experience in the etiology of psychopathology -- Early deprivation in human childhood -- 15. The evolution of the mother-infant bond -- Maternal care in mammals -- Mother and infant primates, including humans -- Mother-infant relations among!Kung hunter-gatherers -- Mother-infant relations in other hunter-gatherers -- Reconstructing maternal care : phylogeny and history -- Attachment theory and the mother-infant bond -- Interlude 4 : thinking about maternal sentiment -- 16. Cooperative breeding in the extended family -- Helpers at the nest -- Allocare in nonhuman primates -- Nonmaternal care among!Kung hunter-gatherers -- Nonmaternal care in other hunter-gatherers -- Cooperative breeding in the human species -- Normative adoption and fosterage in human societies -- The physiology of alloparental care -- Social context and mother-infant interactions -- Cooperative breeding beyond hunters and gatherers -- 17. Male parental care -- Male parental investment and reproductive success -- Paternal investment, social organization, and ecology in nonhuman species -- The paternal role among!Kung hunter-gatherers -- Paternal roles in other hunter-gatherers -- Paternal roles in non-hunter-gatherers -- Observable patterns and their possible significance -- Subsistence adaptation and family organization -- The United States and other industrial cultures -- Dads and cads -- Plasticity and its physiological limits -- Interlude 5 : thinking about "oedipal" conflicts -- 18. Relations among juveniles -- Theoretical considerations -- Juvenile social relations in selected mammals -- Relations among juveniles in!Kung hunter-gatherers -- Relations among juveniles in other hunter-gatherers -- Relations among juveniles since the hunting-gathering era -- Functional considerations -- Developmental mechanisms -- 19. Play, social learning, and teaching -- The evolution of play -- The development of human play -- The evolutionary neurobiology of play -- Intelligent players -- Play, learning, and culture -- Social learning, imitation, and teaching -- Toward a neurobiology of social learning -- Teaching : uniquely human? -- 20. The contexts of emerging reproductive behavior -- The development of sexual behavior in monkeys and apes -- Adolescence among the!Kung hunter-gatherers -- Adolescence in other hunter-gatherers -- Broader cross-cultural patterns of premarital sex -- Parent-offspring conflict over arranged marriage -- Adolescent sexuality in the industrial world -- Secular trends in growth and maturation -- Secular trends and adolescent behavior -- Interlude 6 : thinking about incest avoidance and taboos -- 21. Stress and resilience in the changing family -- Basic stress physiology -- Stress in infancy and childhood -- Stress in early life as a signal for facultative adaptation -- Stress and resilience on the island of Dominica -- Mortality, attachment, and loss -- Stress and resilience in exceptional situations -- Child abuse and neglect in western industrial states -- Evolutionary considerations in abuse and neglect -- Changing family structure in western industrial states -- Abuse, neglect, and adolescent aggression -- Stress and coping in human development -- 22. Hunter-gatherer childhood--the cultural baseline -- Generalizations and challenges -- The hunter-gatherer childhood model -- Hunter-gatherer childhood in evolutionary context -- Evaluating the divergences -- Conclusion : facultative adaptation, discordance, or both? -- Transition 3 : does nonhuman culture exist? -- Defining the extremes -- The approach from material culture -- The approach from socially learned local variation -- The approach from teaching and cultural learning -- The approach from language and symbol -- The approach from history. pt. IV. Enculturation : the transmission and evolution of culture : wherein we come to understand what culture changes -- 23. Paradigms in the study of enculturation -- Laws of learning, expanded -- Culture and personality -- The Whiting model -- Broader cross-cultural analyses -- Extensions and modifications of the model -- Challenges to the role of early experience -- Culture and mind -- Interlude 7 : thinking about the question "how?" -- 24. The culture of infancy and early childhood -- Culture in utero? -- Cross-cultural variation in infant care -- Possible mechanisms of influence -- Language acquisition and language learning -- 25. The culture of subsistence -- Work, play, and cultural transmission -- Children's work in farming cultures -- 26. The culture of middle childhood -- Enculturation among the Gusii of Kenya -- Enculturation processes beyond conventional learning -- Enculturation by children -- Inculcating morality? -- Children and religion -- 27. The culture of gender in childhood and adolescence -- Culture stretches biology -- Cultural tradition in adolescent development -- 28. Evolutionary culture theory -- Cultural macroevolution -- The Meme model and the question of coherence -- Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman -- Lumsden and Wilson -- Boyd and Richerson -- The Durham model -- Defining culture -- Applying the model -- Some models compared -- Interlude 8 : thinking about boys at war -- 29. Universals, adaptation, enculturation, and culture -- Universals of human behavior and culture -- A culture acquisition device -- A model of culture in biological context. pt. V. Conclusion : wherein we see, as through a glass darkly, how human relationships and emotions may actually emerge -- 30. The ultimate epigenetic enterprise -- A general theory? -- Chaos, self-organization, and complexity -- A theory of generative variation -- Selection, epigenetics, and development -- Reprise -- Epilogue -- References -- Acknowledgments -- Index. |
| 责任： | Melvin Konner. |
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This monumental book--more than 900 pages long, 30 years in the making, at once grand and intricate, breathtakingly inclusive and painstakingly particular--exhaustively explores the biological evolution of human behavior and specifically the behavior of children. Melvin Konner, an anthropologist and neuroscientist at Emory, weaves a compelling web of theories and studies across a remarkable array of disciplines, from experimental genetics to ethnology...To read this book is to be in the company of a helpful and hopeful teacher who is eager to share what he's found. -- Benjamin Schwarz The Atlantic 20100501 [Konner] covers almost every topic imaginable in anthropology, biology, and psychology that involves child development. Moreover, since the book is on evolution, there's a lot about other animals, from the platypus to the great ape...If you want to know the latest scholarly information on child development, you can buy this book for $40 or get a new scholarly encyclopedia of child development for $1500. Odds are that this one will be more thought-provoking and better written--and probably almost as extensive. -- Mary Ann Hughes Library Journal 20100415 Why do we love watching [babies]? Perhaps because we recognize parts of ourselves in them but still find something mysterious about the behavior of those tiny human beings. The Evolution of Childhood, Melvin Konner's massive and massively researched new book, goes a long way in dispelling a lot of that mystery. Konner gives a detailed and expansive overview of what the fields of anthropology, evolutionary biology, psychology and genetics have taught us about human childhood. The book, in fairly accessible language, explains the evolutionary purpose of everything from babies' expressions (humans, apparently, are the only animal who can pull off the "relaxed friendly smile") to crying, early childhood outbursts and juvenile delinquency. -- Thomas Rogers Salon 20100531 Magisterial. -- Rebecca Mead New Yorker 20100705 Anthropologist-physician Melvin Konner's The Evolution of Childhood is a masterwork of scholarship. Even at over 900 pages, it should entice anyone keen for knowledge about human infancy, childhood, and adolescence and the evolution of these life stages...Konner marries biology and psychology, adds a firm grasp of our primate past, and guides our understanding of children's lives in various social contexts. -- Barbara King Bookslut 20100701 This book is not a weekend read...If you plan to read this book through, take a little each day and savor the delights it bestows. Well worth the read. -- D. Wayne Dworsky San Francisco Book Review 20100923 This book is undeniably a tour de force. Indeed, Konner is perhaps the only scholar who is as comfortable describing cultural change, or evolution in its broad quasi-philosophical outlines, as he is defining the complex biochemical and statistical correlates of behavior. One of his writerly charms is that he is ever seer and scientist. He marvels as he describes. He also renders the boundaries among disciplines porous. He scurries from one to another, insisting on their enmeshment, whether it be ethology, cognitive neuroscience, evolutionary or developmental psychology, endocrinology, or cultural anthropology. He draws on all these fields to address the story of our inordinately long, and, compared to those of other species, "strangely-shaped" childhoods, and to discover how our childhood evolved to make us what we are. -- Michele Pridmore-Brown Times Literary Supplement 20101001 Konner places childhood firmly within an evolutionary framework in his magisterial book...Konner is an excellent tour guide to the sacred lands of childhood. He has produced a scholarly, detailed and beautifully written study...The Evolution of Childhood shows that the pleasures of life are linked to the evolutionary imperatives of reproduction and survival, and that we are starting to understand their underlying neural mechanisms. -- Morten Kringelbach Nature 20101021 The Evolution of Childhood is one of the most remarkable books I have read. Melvin Konner is a neuroscientist and anthropologist who shows how human childhood evolved over the last 200,000 years to make us what we are...Konner re-enchants child's play, for instance, by explaining its molecular and evolutionary backstory. That he is able to do this in a lively, accessible manner is no mean feat. Along the way, he makes a compelling case for how humans came to acquire complex culture. -- Michele Pridmore-Brown Times Literary Supplement 20101203 [Konner's] goal is...ambitious: to synthesize all the literature bearing on the evolutionary emergence of our species, and especially on the ways in which humans came to raise their children. The breadth of vision he displays is extraordinary. Konner summarizes a considerable body of research on human evolution, beginning with paleontological and archaeological work on the emergence of life-forms and continuing through evidence regarding the emergence of mammals, primates, hominids and early humans, until finally Homo sapiens enters the scene. The volume is a singular achievement, not least because it encompasses, and describes accessibly and eloquently, many fields of endeavor and scholarship, ranging from molecular biology and interpretation of the geological record, to the interpretation of bone fragments found in archaeological sites, to observational research on the behavior of contemporary humans in a wide variety of ecological niches. Furthermore, Konner does not limit himself to secondary sources, as many might do when attempting to place their own research in broader context. Instead, he lucidly discusses a vast range of primary sources. The book's 753 pages of text are accompanied by 159 pages of references. The goal may be extraordinarily ambitious, but the exercise must be deemed a remarkable success. Konner achieves a readable and persuasive synthesis more inclusive than anything ever before attempted. His account of human evolution, and especially of the evolution of childhood, is coherent and compelling...This magisterial book is assuredly the most important analysis of the evolution of childhood yet attempted. It summarizes 40 years of observation, analysis and synthesis by one of the most profound thinkers of our generation. Whoever follows intellectually will necessarily build on this magnificently eloquent and integrative edifice. -- Michael E. Lamb American Scientist 20110101 再读一些...
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