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| Genre/Form: | Electronic books |
|---|---|
| Additional Physical Format: | Print version Henderson, Julian The Science and Archaeology of Materials : An Investigation of Inorganic Materials Florence : Taylor and Francis,c2003 |
| Material Type: | Document, Internet resource |
| Document Type: | Internet Resource, Computer File |
| All Authors / Contributors: |
Julian Henderson |
| ISBN: | 9781135953102 1135953104 |
| OCLC Number: | 1058481453 |
| Notes: | 6.2 Flint and chert. |
| Description: | 1 online resource (350 pages) |
| Contents: | Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of figures and tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Techniques of Scientific Analysis -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Destructive techniques -- 2.3 Non-destructive and micro-destructive techniques -- 3. Glass -- 3.1 Glass as a material -- 3.2 The raw materials of ancient glass production -- 3.2.1 The alkalis -- 3.2.2 Silica sources -- 3.2.3 The use of lead -- 3.2.4 Calcium -- 3.2.5 Glass coloration -- 3.2.5.1 Cobalt blue glass -- 3.2.5.2 Translucent turquoise blue and red glasses -- opaque red glass -- 3.2.5.3 Iron-green and purple glasses -- 3.2.5.4 Opaque white, turquoise and yellow glasses -- 3.2.5.5 Other opacifiers -- 3.2.5.6 Glass decolorisers -- 3.3 Glass-making/fritting -- 3.4 Glass furnaces -- 3.4.1 Interpreting the evidence -- 3.4.2 The earliest furnaces -- 3.4.3 Roman furnaces -- 3.4.4 Early medieval, Islamic and other 'southern' glass furnaces -- 3.4.5 'Northern' and later types of glass furnaces -- 3.5 Glass-working -- 3.6 The chemical compositions of ancient glasses -- 3.7 The working properties of soda-lime-silica glass -- 3.8 Ritual aspects -- 3.9 The origins of glass and its early production in the Mediterranean and Mesopotamia -- 3.9.1 Introduction -- 3.9.2 The origins of glass: fuel-ash slags, glazed stones and faience -- 3.9.3 Chemical characteristics of early glass in the Mediterranean and Mesopotamia -- 3.9.4 The archaeological inference -- 3.10 Roman glass production: refined specialisation or mass-production -- 3.10.1 Introduction -- 3.10.2 Specialised technology of the Portland vase and Lycurgus cup -- 3.10.3 Mass-produced greenish Roman glass -- 3.10.4 Scientific investigations -- 3.11 Early medieval glass in Europe: the continuation of a Roman tradition? -- 3.11.1 Introduction. 3.11.2 Glass production at Ribe, Jutland -- 3.11.3 Scientific investigations -- 3.11.4 The archaeological inference -- 3.12 The rise of the eAbbasids and glass production in early Islamic Syria -- 3.12.1 Introduction -- 3.12.2 Glass production at al-Raqqa on the Euphrates: the industrial context -- 3.12.3 The glass tell, Tell Zujaj -- 3.12.3.1 The late workshop phase -- 3.12.3.2 The glass workshop -- 3.12.4 Dating of the site -- 3.12.5 Other evidence for the glass industry -- 3.12.6 Scientific investigations of the glass and allied materials -- 3.12.7 Scientific analysis of the frit -- 3.12.8 Summary -- 3.13 Seventeenth-century glass production in Europe -- 3.13.1 Introduction -- 3.13.2 The production and use of sixteenth-seventeenth-century glass goblets and beakers in Britain -- 3.13.3 The glass vessel forms -- 3.13.4 Chemical investigations -- 3.13.5 Chemical composition and vessel form -- 3.13.6 The importance of producing colourless glass -- 3.13.7 Glass-house compositions? -- 3.13.8 Summary of scientific investigations -- 3.13.9 Correlations of vessel form, economic value and chemical compositions -- 3.13.10 Summary -- 4. Ceramics -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The raw materials of pottery production -- 4.2.1 Clays and their origins -- 4.2.2 The formation of clays from the earth's crust -- 4.2.3 The definition of clays -- 4.3 Pottery manufacture -- 4.3.1 The preparation of clays for potting -- 4.3.2 Plasticity and its effect on shaping the pot -- 4.3.3 Shaping the pot -- 4.3.4 Decorating the pot -- 4.3.5 Glazes: their technology, chemical composition, colouring -- the use of pigments -- 4.3.5.1 The classification of ancient glaze chemical compositions -- 4.3.5.2 Glaze colorants and the use of pigments -- 4.3.6 Clay drying -- 4.3.7 The texture of clay and clay inclusions -- 4.3.8 Additions to clays (temper) and cultural choice. 4.3.9 The conditions of firing -- 4.3.10 What happens when clay is fired? -- 4.3.11 Types of firing and the use of kilns -- 4.3.11.1 'Open firing -- 4.3.11.2 Pottery kilns -- 4.3.11.3 The fuels used -- 4.4 The changing modes of Iron Age pottery production in Britain during the late Iron Age -- 4.4.1 The socio-economic context -- 4.4.2 Ceramic production in southern Britain during the late Iron Age -- 4.4.2.1 Introduction of the potters wheel and its effect on local production -- 4.4.3 Salt briquetage production and distribution -- 4.4.4 Conclusions -- 4.5 The production and distribution of early medieval pottery in Britain -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 The study of Anglo-Saxon and later pottery production in the Thames valley -- 4.5.2.1 Early Saxon pottery (fifth-seventh centuries) -- 4.5.2.2 Other studies of early-middle Saxon 'plain wares -- 4.5.3 Mid-Saxon pottery (seventh-ninth centuries) in the Thames valley -- 4.5.4 Late Saxon and early medieval pottery (ninth-eleventh centuries) and early towns -- 4.5.5 Conclusions -- 4.6 The manufacture of celadons -- 4.6.1 Oriental ceramic bodies: proto-porcelains, porcelains and stonewares, including celadons -- 4.6.2 Green glazed wares and the development of glaze colour in celadons -- 4.6.3 The archaeological evidence for celadon production at Yaozhou -- 4.6.4 Evidence of celadon production organisa℗Ưtion from mould inscriptions -- 4.6.5 Scientific investigation of Yaozhou technology -- 4.6.5.1 The glazes -- 4.6.5.2 The pottery bodies -- 4.6.5.3 The moulds -- 4.6.5.4 The saggers -- 4.6.5.5 Analysis of Yaozhou raw materials -- 4.7 Iznik: Ottoman court ceramics and the development of 'fritware' -- 4.7.1 Introduction -- 4.7.2 The possible origins and the characteristics of stonepaste/fritware and maiolica/'faience' technology -- 4.7.3 Iznik -- 4.7.4 The research questions. 4.7.5 Evidence for the production of Iznik and other 'fritware' -- 4.7.6 Historical evidence for the production of Iznik -- 4.7.7 The date and range of decorative types -- 4.7.8 The technology of typical Iznik ceramic bodies examined -- 4.7.9 Fifteenth- and sixteenth-century glaze technology and the development of colours -- 4.7.10 Did local Miletus ware, imported Chinese porcelain, Masters of Tabriz tiles and pottery, and Abraham of Kiitahya ware influence the development of Iznik? -- 4.7.11 Production and the 'art of the state' -- 4.7.12 Conclusions -- 5. Metals -- 5.1 Metals as materials -- 5.2 The range of metals used and their ores (copper, iron, tin, zinc, lead, gold, silver, bronze and brass) -- 5.3 Locating and mining ores -- 5.4 Ore sorting -- 5.5 The heat-treatment of metals: the process of smelting -- 5.5.1 The non-slagging process -- 5.5.2 The slagging process -- 5.6 The evidence of furnaces, their construction and use -- 5.6.1 Air supply -- 5.6.2 Fuel supply and its effect on the environment -- 5.6.3 Pollution -- 5.7 The heat-treatment of metals: refining and purification -- 5.7.1 The matte smelting process (for copper) -- 5.7.2 Iron alloys (and steel 'working') -- 5.7.3 Zinc -- 5.7.4 Lead -- 5.7.5 Gold -- 5.7.6 Cupellation of lead-silver ores -- 5.7.7 Brass -- 5.7.8 Other alloys of copper -- with arsenic, antimony and nickel -- 5.7.9 Mercury -- 5.8 Early copper production in Wadi Feinan, Jordan -- 5.8.1 Introduction -- 5.8.2 The ore deposits -- 5.8.3 Evidence for early ore exploitation and metallurgical activity in Palestine -- 5.8.4 The characteristics of metallurgical activity at Wadi Feinan -- 5.9 Scientific studies of copper and bronze in Europe -- the potential for characterisation -- 5.9.1 Introduction -- 5.9.2 The role of lead isotope analysis -- 5.9.3 Some studies of Mediterranean metal work. 5.9.4 The chemical analysis and lead isotope analysis of Bronze Age metalwork found in Britain -- 5.9.4.1 Introduction -- 5.9.4.2 Chemical compositions of British Bronze Age metalwork -- 5.9.4.3 The relationship of chemical compositions to lead isotope determinations -- 5.10 Early copper and copper alloy production in Thailand -- 5.10.1 Introduction -- 5.10.2 North-east Thailand: Ban Na Di and Ban Chiang -- 5.10.2.1 Scientific analysis of the metal -- 5.10.2.2 The social significance of bronze metallurgy at Ban Na Di -- 5.10.2.3 Ban Chiang -- 5.10.3 The Phu Wiang region -- 5.10.4 North-east Thailand in the first millennium BC: evidence from Phu Lon -- 5.10.4.1 The mining evidence -- 5.10.4.2 The Pottery flat ore-dressing and metal casting area -- 5.10.4.3 Social distinctions and the degree of industrial specialisation in north-east Thailand -- 5.10.5 Central Thailand: evidence from Non Pa Wai and Nil Kham Haeng of the Ban Chiang cultural tradition -- 5.10.6 Nil Kham Haeng -- 5.10.7 The degree of specialisation in central Thailand -- 5.11 Technological innovation and the case of iron -- 5.11.1 Technological innovation -- 5.11.2 Innovation and iron -- 5.12 The production of iron in Iron Age Britain -- 5.12.1 Iron Age iron -- 5.12.2 Prehistoric iron production in north-west Wales -- 5.12.2.1 Bryn y Caste 11 -- 5.12.2.2 Crawcwellt West -- 5.12.2.3 The experimental reconstruction of iron-smelting -- 5.12.2.4 An iron-smelting experiment based on excavated evidence -- 5.12.2.5 Scientific study of iron-working: the production of a currency bar -- 5.12.2.6 Technological implications -- 5.13 The chemical characterisation of precious metals? -- 5.13.1 Introduction -- 5.13.2 Compositional links between the New World and Europe through the use of gold and silver -- 5.13.3 The silver coins -- 5.13.4 The gold coins -- 6. Stone -- 6.1 Introduction. |
Abstract:
This is set to become the definitive work in the archaeology of materials, presented in a highly illustrated textbook form it will be essential reading for all practical archaeologists and students.
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